COGNITIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING
STEP 1: PRESENTATION
The teacher directs the learning activities, this is sometimes called "expository teaching" or "reception learning."
STEP 2: AUTHENTIC LEARNING
Providing students with tasks and/or examples requiring them to learn directly from their environment. Both direct experience and authentic learning conclude that firsthand, personal experience is better than secondhand vicarious or abstract learning.
STEP 3: SCAFFOLDING
This being the most important step as it provides learners with support when they need help or guidance. Through specific directions and additional learning sources, learners will have a better grasp of the concept.
STEP 4: RECIPROCAL TEACHING
An instructional activity during which a dialogue or interchange takes place between teacher and students regarding what is to be learned. Reciprocal Teaching fortifies the student's initial idea of the concept.
STEP 5: PROBLEM SOLVING
Learners are now asked to consider how they would attain their goal.
As learners are now more aware of their cognitive processes during problem solving, they will then be able to reapply this skill to various question types.
